Mission space for students

The Solar Hero. (The Sun)

What is the Sun....?

 

Actually The Sun is just a star of about billions stars in our galaxy, at the center of the solar family (Solar system).

 

Sun is the main part of solar family and most important needs for our planet (The Earth). Because  the main source of energy for this earth is the Sun.

 

Sun is the central part of our solar family (Solar system), it lies in orian arm of milky way galaxy.

 

There are nine major planets around the Sun in their respective orbits, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto (no longer an official planet).

 

Every planets, sub planets revolve around the sun in their respective elliptical orbit in a fix rate. The nearest planet from the sun is Mercury, and the fares planet is Neptune. And the positions of our earth from the sun is third. the nearest star of sun is proxima century.

 

Sun consumes approx 4.0 million tons hydrogen per second, In which compositions created by sun are, 75% hydrogen, 23% helium, and 2% heavier elements.

 

Sun is the largest object in solar family, and it contain 99.86% of total mass of solar system. And rest contain by Jupiter.

 

The age of sun  is approx 4.6 billion years old, and probably that it will be continue exist more 5 billion years from present be converting of hydrogen in to helium.

 

The sun's light reach on the earth in (there are some opinions on the basis of researchers) a. 8min 20sec,  b. 8min 17 sec,  c. 8min 9sec. c is the recently research result.

 

The sun diameter is 1,390,000 km, And  Its core temperature is 15 million ºC. and the mass of sun is 1.989e30kg.

 

In which  surface temperature is 5,500 ºC. Cooler (3,800 ºC) surface areas are called sun spots.

 

The sun radiates heat and a steady stream of charged particles known as the solar wind, which blows about 280 miles (450 kilometers) per second throughout the solar system.

 

Solar flares are jets of particles that burst from the sun and can disrupt satellite communications and knock out electricity on Earth.

 

Earth in compare of sun.

Solar family in row.

The sun.

Inside layer of the Sun.

What is light for all

 Dual nature of Light  

(a) Particle   (b) Wave

Light has dual nature particle (photon) as well as wave.

 

What is Photon. Photon is define as, very very tiny (smallest) particle/packet of energy. The rest mass of photon is zero.
 

What is wave. Wave is define as, A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.
 

 

Albert Einstein's photoelectric effect experiment proves that light can behave as a particle while 

 

Thomas Young's double-slit experiment shows that it also behaves as a wave.
 

Albert Einstein proved that in 1905, light could behave as a particle by showing that a beam of light could eject electrons from metal when a suitable radiation (invisible ray) fall on metal, This suggested that light consisted of photons that could eject electrons of similar frequency. Einstein's discovery altered the prevalent theory at the time, which held that light was only a wave.
 

And light has the wave nature also, it has proved earlier by Young in 1801. In his experiment, Young shone light between two parallel slits, causing the light waves to interfere with each other and form a patter of dark and light bands. If light was primarily a particle, it would have formed two parallel lines.
 

Quantum mechanics explains the duality of light by describing it as a wave-packet. A wave-packet refers to waves that may interact either as spatially localized, acting as particle, or interacting like waves. This means light photons can either act as a particle or wave, depending on the circumstances.

 

Making wave by rope

Making wave by water

Wave example

Electromagnetic wave

Electromagnetic wave

Wave details

Wave example

Electromagnetic wave

Electromagnetic wave

Visible light definition and energy

The Light energy

 

We can not see the energy by our naked eyes except one type of energy known as sun light,  this is the only type of energy which is visible for human eyes. But other animals can see hidden part of lights.

 

The beam of light, actually it is mix up of different colors, that why every colors has different wavelength to other. Some has longest wavelength some has shortest wavelength.

 

Sun is the biggest source of light energy. While is millions of mile far from us, it emits huge amount of light energy.

 

The fastest things on this earth is speed of light, which travels 300000 km/s in air.  This is faster than the speed of anything else! But speed of light is not same every where, it began to change during change of mediums. The speed fasted speed of light are, vacuum> air> water> glass> and so on.

 

All things ( all living things, human, animals, fishes, trees, rivers, mountains, etc) which are surviving on this planet cant be survive without sun light.

 

Trees absorb light energy from sun, convert it into making  their food, Humans and animals would be unable to see anything without light energy.

  Other source of light are street bulb or home bulb and fire, torch.

 

Animals in field with sunlight

Flowers with sunlight

Illuminated bulb

Light dark combination

Leaf making food under sunlight

Tiger under sunlight

Shadow games

ABOUT  SHADOWS

Shadows are nothings, but it just black images of every opaque body made by stopping lights to pass through it.

 

Opaque objects is define as, all those object are said to be an opaque object  from which no light can pass through it. e.g, tree, book, table, home, umbrella, car etc.

 

There are no fix shape and size of shadow of any opaque object, shadows can change their shape and size place to place, time to time. But we know that an opaque object cant change their shape and size during time or place change.

 

Do you know why size and shape of shadows change? The size and shape of the shadow depends on the angle at which the light is falling on the object. 

 

Our shadow keeps changing in whole day. In the early morning  it will be the longest and, when the sun is overhead there is little or no shadow at all. Why? The position of sun changes throughout the day, thus changing the angle at which the rays fall on the ground.In ancient time people tracked the length of shadows throughout the day to keep track of time. The world’s earliest clock was a sun clock.

 

But one thing is amazing that the color of every opaque objects shadows are same, weather object is colorful or plane or have one color only. All have the same color of shadow that is dark (colorless).

Sun radiation facts

 

The Sun Lights

 

The actual color of sun's light is white. When astronauts see the sun from space its look white.

Why its looks like white, because its light is not scattered by atmosphere.

And white color is mixture of seven colors called VIBGYOR.

But we can not see all color by our naked eyes, to watch VIBGYOR we will have to pass the sun's light through Prism or water's drops.

But there are some animals who can see all color of VIBGYOR as well as ultraviolet lights also with their naked eyes. e.g, honey bees can see ultraviolet lights, Pit viper can see infrared, Puppies, meanwhile can see into our heart, frogs can detect very sensitive photons.

Why leafs looks green, because leafs reflects only green color from VIBGYOR, and absorbed left all colors.

 

Pit viper snake

When light passing through a prism

Honey bee can also see U.V radiation

Rainbow

This frog can see U.V light

When sunlight passing through the prism

Water bubble with rainbow color

Physics lessons online for student

Lets know about Light.

Study of light is called optic.

Light travels in straight path

Light has electromagnetic energy.

Generally there are two type of light, (a) Visible light (b) Invisible light.

When we talk about visible light is known as light or optic. e.g, Sun light.

When we talk about invisible light is called electromagnetic radiation,  e.g, ultraviolet radiation

Light is made by very tiny packets called photon.

Every photons contain lots of energy.

Speed of light changes with change of mediums (objects or materials).

 

Light

Light and its components

When light passing through the prism

Lets know about Shadows.

99.99% Space is dark (full of shadows).

Because there is no sufficient light, light is visible when it has an object in its path.

No one has seen the shadow of moon, sun, Jupiter, mars, earth, Venus etc in space.

There is no shadow of astronauts has found in moon.

In ancient time people was thinking about shadow formed by sun, thought lot and utilized this principle in making the world’s most primitive clocks, the sundials.

 

Light and shadow combination

shadow and light combination

Earth from space

 

Light and shadow

Relation between Light and Shadow(dark).

• Light and shadow both are form of energy.
• Both neither created nor destroyed.
• Basically both are colorless and shapeless.
• Science has some information about light, but no information about shadow.
• You cant break or catch the light as well as shadow both.
• You cant stop or turn both.
• Shadow always travels with light and obey only light's rules.
• Wheres shadow exits light must be there and vice versa.
• Light is soul of shadow. Without light shadow will die.
• Shadow is perfect dress of light 
• Lets see 

• 

  Light and shadow combination

  
  

  

  Lady in light and shadow mode

Amazing things in the nature.

 Light and Shadow (dark)

• Amazing things that, about light and Shadow (dark) are following.

• There are amazing relation in light and shadow (dark).

• Every things in nature has their shadows.

• Every things in nature has their own shadows because of light and dark relation.

• Every things in nature has their own shadows except light and shadow (dark).

• Both live together every where, every moments, wheres light exits no shadow there, wheres shadow lives no light there.

• Lets see by these images.

   

Light and shadow combination.

Sunlight with shadow.